​Pro-Helix™ Micronutrient Supplements have been thoroughly researched in collaboration with the CSIRO. Below are some of the papers that substantiate our evidence-based formulations. This listing is by no means exhaustive and is updated as new published studies become available .
 

1. Ames, B.N. (2001) DNA damage from micronutrient deficiencies is likely to be a major cause of cancer. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 475, 7-20.

2. Ames, B.N. (2006) Low micronutrient intake may accelerate the degenerative diseases of aging through allocation of scarce micronutrients by triage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 17589-94.

3. Bonassi, S., Znaor, A., Ceppi, M., Lando, C., Chang, W.P., Holland, N., Kirsch-Volders, M., Zeiger, E., Ban, S., Barale, R. et al. (2007) An increased micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes predicts the risk of cancer in humans. Carcinogenesis, 28, 625-31.

4. Murgia, E., Maggini, V., Barale, R. and Rossi, A.M. (2007) Micronuclei, genetic polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease mortality in a nested case-control study in Italy. Mutat Res, 621, 113-8.

5. Petrozzi, L., Lucetti, C., Scarpato, R., Gambaccini, G., Trippi, F., Bernardini, S., Del Dotto, P., Migliore, L. and Bonuccelli, U. (2002) Cytogenetic alterations in lymphocytes of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patients. Neurol Sci, 23 Suppl 2, S97-8.

6. Federici, C., Botto, N., Manfredi, S., Rizza, A., Del Fiandra, M. and Andreassi, M.G. (2008) Relation of increased chromosomal damage to future adverse cardiac events in patients with known coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol, 102, 1296-300.

7. Ames, B.N. and Wakimoto, P. (2002) Are vitamin and mineral deficiencies a major cancer risk? Nat Rev Cancer, 2, 694-704.

8. Fenech, M.F. Dietary reference values of individual micronutrients and nutriomes for genome damage prevention: current status and a road map to the future. Am J Clin Nutr, 91, 1438S-1454S.

9. Fenech, M. (2007) Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Nat Protoc, 2, 1084-104.

10. Umegaki, K. and Fenech, M. (2000) Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in WIL2-NS cells: a sensitive system to detect chromosomal damage induced by reactive oxygen species and activated human neutrophils. Mutagenesis, 15, 261-9.

11. Fenech M. (2003) Nutritional treatment of genome instability: a paradigm shift in disease prevention and in the setting of recommended dietary allowances. Nutr Res Rev. 16(1):109-22.

12. Fenech M. (2005) The Genome Health Clinic and Genome Health Nutrigenomics concepts: diagnosis and nutritional treatment of genome and epigenome damage on an individual basis. Mutagenesis. 20(4):255-69.

13. Fenech, M. (2008) Genome health nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics--diagnosis and nutritional treatment of genome damage on an individual basis. Food Chem Toxicol, 46, 1365-70.

14. Fenech M, Morley AA. (1985) Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes. Mutat Res. 147(1-2):29-36.

15. Furness DL, Dekker GA, Hague WM, Khong TY, Fenech MF. (2010) Increased lymphocyte micronucleus frequency in early pregnancy is associated prospectively with pre-eclampsia and/or intrauterine growth restriction. Mutagenesis. 25(5):489-98.

16. Fenech, M. (2001) The role of folic acid and Vitamin B12 in genomic stability. Mutat Res. 475(1-2):57-67.

17. Blount, B.C. and Ames, B.N. (1995) DNA damage in folate deficiency. Baillieres Clin Haematol, 8, 461-78.

18. Eto, I. and Krumdieck, C.L. (1986) Role of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies in carcinogenesis. Adv Exp Med Biol, 206, 313-30.

19. Hoffbrand, A.V. and Weir, D.G. (2001) The history of folic acid. Br J Haematol, 113, 579- 89.

20. Blount, B.C., Mack, M.M., Wehr, C.M., MacGregor, J.T., Hiatt, R.A., Wang, G., Wickramasinghe, S.N., Everson, R.B. and Ames, B.N. (1997) Folate deficiency causes uracil misincorporation into human DNA and chromosome breakage: implications for cancer and neuronal damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 3290-5.

21. Zhang, S.M., Willett, W.C., Selhub, J., Hunter, D.J., Giovannucci, E.L., Holmes, M.D., Colditz, G.A. and Hankinson, S.E. (2003) Plasma folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12,

homocysteine, and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 95, 373-80.

22. Zingg, J.M. and Jones, P.A. (1997) Genetic and epigenetic aspects of DNA methylation on genome expression, evolution, mutation and carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 18, 869-82.

23. Fenech, M., Aitken, C. and Rinaldi, J. (1998) Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and DNA damage in young Australian adults. Carcinogenesis, 19, 1163-71.

24. Dhillon, V., Thomas, P. and Fenech, M. (2009) Effect of common polymorphisms in folate uptake and metabolism genes on frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes in a South Australian cohort. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 665, 1-6.

25. Kimura, M., Umegaki, K., Higuchi, M., Thomas, P. and Fenech, M. (2004) Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism, folic acid and riboflavin are

important determinants of genome stability in cultured human lymphocytes. J Nutr, 134, 48- 56.

26. Fenech M, Rinaldi J. (1994) The relationship between micronuclei in human lymphocytes and plasma levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B12 and folic acid. Carcinogenesis. 15(7):1405-11.

27. Fenech M, Rinaldi J.(1995) A comparison of lymphocyte micronuclei and plasma micronutrients in vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Carcinogenesis. 16(2):223-30.

28. Fenech, M.F., Dreosti, I.E. and Rinaldi, J.R. (1997) Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and chromosome damage rate in lymphocytes of older men. Carcinogenesis, 18, 1329-36.

29. Fenech, M. (1999) Micronucleus frequency in human lymphocytes is related to plasma vitamin B12 and homocysteine. Mutat Res, 428, 299-304.

30. Stopper, H., Treutlein, A.T., Bahner, U., Schupp, N., Schmid, U., Brink, A., Perna, A. and Heidland, A. (2008) Reduction of the genomic damage level in haemodialysis patients by folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 23, 3272-9.

31. Stopper, H., Meysen, T., Bockenforde, A., Bahner, U., Heidland, A. and Vamvakas, S. (1999) Increased genomic damage in lymphocytes of patients before and after long-term maintenance hemodialysis therapy. Am J Kidney Dis, 34, 433-7.

32. Pietta, P.-G. (2000) Flavonoids as Antioxidants. Journal of Natural Products, 63, 1035-1042.

33. Satoh, K. and Sakagami, H. (1997) Effect of metal ions on radical intensity and cytotoxic activity of ascorbate. Anticancer Res, 17, 1125-9.

34. Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M. and Cross, C.E. (1992) Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: where are we now? J Lab Clin Med, 119, 598-620.

35. Block, G. (1994) Epidemiological evidence regarding vitamin c and cancer. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 54, 1310S-1314S.

36. Anderson, D., Yu, T.W., Phillips, B.J. and Schmezer, P. (1994) The effect of various antioxidants and other modifying agents on oxygen-radical-generated DNA damage in human lymphocytes in the COMET assay. Mutat Res, 307, 261-71.

37. Crott, J.W. and Fenech, M. (1999) Effect of vitamin C supplementation on chromosome damage, apoptosis and necrosis ex vivo. Carcinogenesis, 20, 1035-41.

38. Umegaki, K., Ikegami, S., Inoue, K., Ichikawa, T., Kobayashi, S., Soeno, N. and Tomabechi, K. (1994) Beta-carotene prevents x-ray induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes. Am J Clin Nutr, 59, 409-12.

39. Fenech, M., Dreosti, I. and Aitken, C. (1997) Vitamin-E supplements and their effect on vitamin-E status in blood and genetic damage rate in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis, 18, 359-64.

40. Rayman, M.P. (2000) The importance of selenium to human health. Lancet, 356, 233-41.

41. Clark, L.C., Dalkin, B., Krongrad, A., Combs, G.F., Jr., Turnbull, B.W., Slate, E.H., Witherington, R., Herlong, J.H., Janosko, E., Carpenter, D. et al. (1998) Decreased

incidence of prostate cancer with selenium supplementation: results of a double-blind cancer prevention trial. Br J Urol, 81, 730-4.

42. Etminan, M., FitzGerald, J.M., Gleave, M. and Chambers, K. (2005) Intake of selenium in the prevention of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control, 16, 1125-31.

43. Wu, J., Salisbury, C., Graham, R., Lyons, G. and Fenech, M. (2009) Increased consumption of wheat biofortified with selenium does not modify biomarkers of cancer risk, oxidative stress, or immune function in healthy Australian males. Environ Mol Mutagen, 50, 489-501.

44. Karunasinghe, N., Ryan, J., Tuckey, J., Masters, J., Jamieson, M., Clarke, L.C., Marshall, J.R. and Ferguson, L.R. (2004) DNA stability and serum selenium levels in a high-risk group for prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 13, 391-7.

45. Migliore, L., Molinu, S., Naccarati, A., Mancuso, M., Rocchi, A. and Siciliano, G. (2004) Evaluation of cytogenetic and DNA damage in mitochondrial disease patients: effects of coenzyme Q10 therapy. Mutagenesis, 19, 43-9.

46. Schneider, M., Diemer, K., Engelhart, K., Zankl, H., Trommer, W.E. and Biesalski, H.K. (2001) Protective effects of vitamins C and E on the number of micronuclei in lymphocytes in smokers and their role in ascorbate free radical formation in plasma. Free Radic Res, 34, 209-19.

47. Smolkova, B., Dusinska, M., Raslova, K., Barancokova, M., Kazimirova, A., Horska, A., Spustova, V. and Collins, A. (2004) Folate levels determine effect of antioxidant

supplementation on micronuclei in subjects with cardiovascular risk. Mutagenesis, 19, 469- 76.

48. Fenech, M., Baghurst, P., Luderer, W., Turner, J., Record, S., Ceppi, M. and Bonassi, S. (2005) Low intake of calcium, folate, nicotinic acid, vitamin E, retinol, {beta}-carotene and high intake of pantothenic acid, biotin and riboflavin are significantly associated with increased genome instability--results from a dietary intake and micronucleus index survey in South Australia. Carcinogenesis, 26, 991-999.

49. Gaziev, A.I., Sologub, G.R., Fomenko, L.A., Zaichkina, S.I., Kosyakova, N.I. and Bradbury, R.J. (1996) Effect of vitamin-antioxidant micronutrients on the frequency of spontaneous and in vitro gamma-ray-induced micronuclei in lymphocytes of donors: the age factor. Carcinogenesis, 17, 493-9.

50. Manach, C., Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Remesy, C. and Jimenez, L. (2004) Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr, 79, 727-47.

51. Ferguson, L.R., Philpott, M. and Karunasinghe, N. (2004) Dietary cancer and prevention using antimutagens. Toxicology, 198, 147-59.

52. Fenech, M., Stockley, C. and Aitken, C. (1997) Moderate wine consumption protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage. Mutagenesis, 12, 289-96.

53. Greenrod, W., Stockley, C.S., Burcham, P., Abbey, M. and Fenech, M. (2005) Moderate acute intake of de-alcoholized red wine, but not alcohol, is protective against radiationinduced DNA damage ex vivo -- results of a comparative in vivo intervention study in younger men. Mutat Res, 591, 290-301.

54. Greenrod W, Fenech M. (2003) The principal phenolic and alcoholic components of wine protect human lymphocytes against hydrogen peroxide- and ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage in vitro. Mutagenesis. 18(2):119-26.

55. Commonwealth of Australia . Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand 2006. National Health and Medical Research Council Publications.

56 Hidaka T, Fujii K, Funahashi I, Fukutomi N, Hosoe K. Safety assessment of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Biofactors. 2008;32(1-4):199-208.

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